{"id":13567,"date":"2001-01-20T23:00:00","date_gmt":"2001-01-20T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bestbanana.cc\/blog\/?p=13567"},"modified":"2025-06-15T09:51:56","modified_gmt":"2025-06-15T09:51:56","slug":"procedural-memory-%e4%bb%bf%e6%95%88%e5%ac%b0%e5%85%92%e7%9a%84%e8%aa%9e%e8%a8%80%e5%ad%b8%e7%bf%92%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/english.bestbanana.cc\/blog\/post\/13567","title":{"rendered":"\u57f9\u990a\u6d41\u66a2\u7684\u300c\u807d\u8aaa\u8b80\u5beb\u300d\u82f1\u8a9e\u80fd\u529b -- Procedural Memory via Natural Approach and Skill Acquisition Theory"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/a>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

\u8a9e\u8a00\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8a18\u61b6 procedural memory \u4ea6\u6216\u662f\u9673\u8ff0\u8a18\u61b6 declarative memory\uff1f\u7b46\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a9e\u8a00\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8a18\u61b6\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u9a0e\u8173\u8e0f\u8eca\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u7528\u6bcd\u8a9e\u601d\u8003\u53ca\u8868\u9054\u7684\u3002\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\u5229\u904e\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5b78\u7fd2\u6cd5\u8a13\u7df4\u8a9e\u611f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5ee3\u6cdb\u95b1\u8b80\/\u8996\u807d\u5c07\u8a9e\u8a00\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u904b\u52d5\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u5c0d\u5f71\u7247\u9032\u884c\u300c\u7406\u89e3\u8a13\u7df4<\/strong>\u300d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8a9e\u610f\u548c\u8072\u97f3\u4e4b\u9593\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u300c\u53cd\u5c04\u8a18\u61b6\u300d\uff08\u985e\u4f3c\u6bcd\u8a9e\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\uff09\u3002\u53cd\u89c0\u73fe\u884c\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7528\u8166\u5b50\u53bb\u300c\u8a18\u61b6\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u82f1\u8a9e\u6c38\u9060\u300c\u5361\u5361\u300d\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u6d41\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u8166\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\uff0c\u53cd\u5c04\u8a18\u61b6\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u9806\u5e8f\u8a18\u61b6 (Procedural Memory)\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u6f5b\u610f\u8b58\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7279\u8272\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u6709\u9806\u5e8f\u300d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5b78\u9a0e\u8173\u8e0f\u8eca\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u53f3\u8173\u8e29\u6642\u5de6\u8173\u653e\u9b06\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u8eca\u5411\u53f3\u5012\u6642\u8eab\u9ad4\u8981\u9760\u5de6\uff0c\u624b\u6293\u7dca\u2026\u2026\u3002\u9019\u908a\u8b80\u8005\u82e5\u4ed4\u7d30\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u9019\u7a2e\u8a18\u61b6\u300c\u8d85\u6975\u8907\u96dc\u300d\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u9019\u9ede\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7fd2\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5f88\u50cf\u5728\u9a0e\u8eca\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u6211\u5728\u53f0\u5317\u5de5\u4f5c = I work in Taipei\u300d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\u5230\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u7684\u300c\u9806\u5e8f\u300d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u6587\u6cd5\u66f8\u6b63\u662f\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u9806\u5e8f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u8a18\u9304\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u8a18\u61b6\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6587\u6cd5\u66f8\u4e5f\u662f\u8d85\u539a\u4e00\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b78\u9a0e\u8173\u8e0f\u8eca\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u9a0e\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u5efa\u8b70\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u7528\u82f1\u8a9e\u3002\u8ddf\u64da Krashen \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8ad6 Comprehensible Input \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u53bb\u300c\u7406\u89e3\u300d\u3002\u7576\u52aa\u529b\u7406\u89e3\u5f71\u7247\u4e2d\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u65e5\u8907\u4e00\u65e5\u5927\u8166\u4fbf\u6703\u5728\u6f5b\u610f\u8b58\u5c64\u9762\u5c07\u5404\u7a2e\u8907\u96dc\u9806\u5e8f\u505a\u597d\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6a21\u7d44\u5316\u7684\u53cd\u5c04\u8a18\u61b6 (Pattern Memory)\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8a18\u61b6\u548c\u9a0e\u8173\u8e0f\u8eca\u4e00\u6a23\u7121\u6cd5\u7528\u8a9e\u8a00\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u300c\u611f\u89ba\u300d\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\u6216\u9806\u4e0d\u9806\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u8a9e\u611f\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5229\u7528\u300c\u7406\u89e3\u300d\u5efa\u69cb\u597d\u8a9e\u611f\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u300c\u807d\u8b80\u300d\u80fd\u529b\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u7684\u76f8\u7576\u5f37\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u300c\u8aaa\u5beb\u300d\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u6a5f\u51fa\u73fe\u6642\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u505a\u82f1\u8a9e\u9762\u8a66\u3001\u548c\u5916\u570b\u5ba2\u6236\u6e9d\u901a\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7a0d\u52a0\u5b78\u7fd2\u5c31\u6703\u9032\u6b65\u795e\u901f<\/strong>\uff01\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u82e5\u6c92\u6709\u5148\u5efa\u69cb\u597d\u8a9e\u611f\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u7df4\u7fd2\u53e3\u8aaa\u6216\u5beb\u4f5c\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u5c31\u6703\u76f8\u7576\u5dee\u3002\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u4f73\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u4e9e\u6d32\u82f1\u8a9e\u6559\u80b2\u4e3b\u6d41\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7279\u5225\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u76ca\u3001\u6258\u798f\u3001\u96c5\u601d\u7b49\u82f1\u8a9e\u6aa2\u5b9a\u6e2c\u9a57\u4e2d\u60f3\u62ff\u9ad8\u5206\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u6d41\u66a2\u5ea6 (Fluency) \u662f\u76f8\u7576\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8a08\u5206\u9805\u76ee\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u5df2\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8b49\u5be6 Extensive Approach \u80fd\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u6e2c\u9a57\u5f97\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b30\u5152\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7fd2\u6cd5 Natural Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u8a18\u61b6\u300d ( memorize ) \u662f\u6307\u5229\u7528\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u7df4\u7fd2\u300c\u56de\u60f3\u300d\u4ee5\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6642\u6a5f\u80fd\u300c\u56de\u60f3\u8d77\u4f86\u300d\uff08\u8b6c\u5982\u80cc\u55ae\u5b57\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u5b78\u7fd2\u6bcd\u8a9e\u6642\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5225\u53bb\u505a\u9019\u500b\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b78\u82f1\u8a9e\u61c9\u8a72\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u82f1\u8a9e\u5b78\u7fd2\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u548c\u6bcd\u8a9e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u5716\u7b46\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u8a9e\u8a00\u53d6\u5f97\u6a21\u578b ( Hierarchy of Language Acquisition Model)\u300d \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u525b\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5b30\u5152\u5fc3\u7121\u96dc\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u807d\u5927\u4eba\u8aaa\u8a71\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u731c\u6e2c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u900f\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u8166\u88e1\u6703\u958b\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u8a9e\u8a00\u300c\u8b58\u5225\u8a18\u61b6\u300d\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u5927\u8166\u6f38\u6f38\u958b\u59cb\u80fd\u8b58\u5225\u51fa\u67d0\u7279\u5225\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u6295\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6642\u9593\u65bc input \u53bb\u592f\u5be6\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff08\u7d04\u516d\u6b72\uff09\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u7c21\u6613\u7684\u53e3\u982d\u8868\u9054\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6309\u6b64\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u82e5\u5927\u4eba\u4e5f\u82b1\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u5fc3\u529b\u8207\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5fc5\u7136\u4e00\u6a23\u795e\u901f\uff0c\u5207\u52ff\u4ee5\u70ba\u5e74\u7d00\u6108\u5c0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7fd2\u6108\u5feb\u3002\u6703\u6709\u6b64\u8aa4\u89e3\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5e74\u7d00\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u6108\u6c92\u6709\u6642\u9593\u53bb\u597d\u597d\u5730 input\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u5927\u4eba\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u82f1\u8a9e\u9032\u884c\u601d\u8003\u6216\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u632b\u6298\u611f\u6975\u5927\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7fd2\u76f8\u7576\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u53cd\u89c0\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u300c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u89ba\u5f97\u82f1\u8a9e\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8996\u807d\u8207\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u8b93\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7fd2\u8005\u5c0d\u76ee\u6a19\u8a9e\u8a00\u7522\u751f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u64a5\u51fa\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u534a\u9192\u8457\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6c89\u6d78\u65bc language input \uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5716\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bc\u8072\u97f3\u3001\u610f\u7fa9\u3001\u53e5\u578b\u3001\u5b57\u5e55\u7684\u8b58\u5225\u8a18\u61b6\u3002\u7b49\u5927\u8166\u5132\u5b58\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u8a9e\u611f\u5f8c\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u82f1\u8a9e\u6559\u80b2\u5834\u6240\u7684\u632b\u6298\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff06\u6548\u7387\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skill Acquisition Theory<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u8fd1\u5e74\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u8a9e\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u6280\u8853\u300d\u800c\u975e\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u6309\u7167\u300c\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u719f\u7df4\u3001\u81ea\u52d5\u5316 (declarative, procedural, and automatic)\u300d\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2 Ref: Testing the three-stage model of second language skill acquisition<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u770b\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\u5e2b\u7236\u5728\u6599\u7406\u6642\u653e\u7684\u79d8\u65b9\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u544a\u8a34\u4f60\uff0c\u770b\u5341\u5e74\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u6703\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u5247\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u516c\u958b\u900f\u660e\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u6df1\u5967\u7684\u95dc\u4ee3\u6216\u5047\u8a2d\u8a9e\u6c23\u6587\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5225\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u653e\u5728 procedural \u5230 automatic \u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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