EPL 三大元素，在英語寫作的 Rhetoric (修辭學) 裡是必學經典，甚至融入於美國中小學的寫作課程當中。
EPL 由希臘哲學家開始，也僅僅只有希臘哲學探討……，本片陳述「classic rhetoric」，相當深入且精彩！！以下為筆記：
- Ethos (intrinsic/extrinsic)
- Intelligence => appear to be credible
- Integrity => good/honest with fairness and consistency–always doing the right thing.
- Goodwill => have the listeners’ best interests at heart.
- Pathos: To get the audience emotional involved.
- Rhetorical questions
- Audience-related example
- Create a scene in the audience’s mind
- Logos: make sense
- Exposition => clarify/analyze evidence
- Argumentation => inductive/deductive reasoning
除了EPL之外，Rhetoric 還有五大準則 (canons)
- Invention => audience/topic/purpose/thesis/main points/supports/research
- Arrangement => clear/memorable
- Style => figurative language (trope/figure of speech), and diction ( clear/memorable/unbias as not to offend)
- Memory => preparation and notes.
- Delivery => verbal/nonverbal
Aristotle 的得意門生，精通 Rhetoric 的亞歷山大帝演說，此句的 style 相當精彩：”This is what my father Philip did for you, great enough on it’s own, but small compared to what you’ve gained from me”
馮翊綱老師談到 Aristotle 給 Alexander 的一段經典語錄。